What is passive solar energy and heating system?

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Passive solar is a term referring to those technologies that can be employed to convert natural sunlight into usable heat, to cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or to store the heat for future use, without the use of electrical or mechanical equipment. Technologies that use pumps or fans are classified as active solar technologies.

Passive solar technologies used domestically include the use of direct solar gain, solar space heating, those solar hot water systems based on the thermosiphon, thermal mass, the Trombe wall, solar cookers, the solar chimney, and earth sheltering. More widely, they include technologies such as the solar furnace and solar forge.

Passive solar systems require no additional energy to operate and therefore have zero operating costs, have low maintenance costs, and emit no greenhouse gasses in operation. For these reasons, passive solar technologies (together with energy conservation measures) should be considered before active solar technologies.

For the use of passive solar technologies in buildings, see passive solar building design.